Medications to Treat ADHD in Children and Adults

In addition to behavioral therapies, medications can be very helpful in reducing impulsiveness and hyperactivity and increasing focus and attention in individuals with ADHD. Let's explore the types of prescription medications available to manage ADHD symptoms.

What to Know About ADHD Medications:

• Stimulant medications used to treat ADHD carry a risk for dependence; it's crucial to take these medicines as prescribed.
• Other side effects may occur, so discuss any concerning symptoms with your doctor.

Stimulants:

• Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and have proven to be effective in alleviating symptoms.
• They increase the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, improving inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
• While stimulants are often the first choice for ADHD treatment, some individuals may not tolerate or respond to them.

Stimulant Side Effects:

• Some common side effects of stimulants include:
• Decreased appetite
• Insomnia
• Dizziness
• Increased anxiety
• Irritability
• Less common side effects may include:
• Mild stomachaches
• Headaches
• Blurry vision
• Increase in blood pressure and heart rate
• Tics

Understanding and anticipating these side effects can help you adhere to your medication regimen. If you experience any side effects, discuss them with your doctor. Never stop or change the dosage of your medication without medical guidance.

Types of Stimulants:

• Stimulants can come in shorter- and longer-acting forms.
• Extended-release stimulants provide a continuous level of medication over time, while immediate-release medications are effective for a shorter duration.

Some common stimulant medications for ADHD include:

• Adderall (amphetamine, dextroamphetamine)
• Concerta or Daytrana (methylphenidate)
• Desoxyn (methamphetamine)
• Dexedrine or Zenzedi (dextroamphetamine)
• Dyanavel XR (amphetamine)
• Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
• Metadate CD, Methylin, Ritalin (methylphenidate)
• Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine)

Non-Stimulants:

• Strattera (atomoxetine) is a non-stimulant medication approved by the FDA for treating ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.
• It's an alternative for individuals who cannot tolerate or take stimulant medications or are at risk for abuse or dependence.

Side Effects of Non-Stimulants:

• Similar side effects to stimulants can occur with Strattera, although generally milder. These include:
• Loss of appetite
• Irritability
• Sleep disturbances
• Dizziness
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue

Other Medications for ADHD:

• Sometimes, clonidine or guanfacine, FDA-approved for children and adolescents in the U.S., are used when stimulants or Strattera are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects.
• In 2021, the FDA approved Qelbree (viloxazine), a non-stimulant medication for children and adolescents with ADHD.
• Less commonly, antidepressants like Wellbutrin (bupropion) may be prescribed off-label for ADHD.

Key Points:

• ADHD can be effectively managed with behavioral therapies and/or medication.
• Regular monitoring by an experienced healthcare professional is crucial to ensure safety and optimize treatment outcomes.
• Communicate any side effects, however minor, with your doctor to adjust your medication regimen as needed.