Spotting Depression in Your Child: A Guide for Parents of Color

Depression, often overlooked, presents unique challenges in communities where mental health is stigmatized. For individuals of color, depression may lead to isolation and loneliness.

In communities that emphasize resilience as a coping mechanism, seeking professional help for mental health issues may be challenging, leading to questions about whether something is inherently "wrong."

However, mental health is increasingly gaining attention and awareness. Psychiatrist and Verywell Mind medical review board member Dr. Akeem Marsh is a prominent advocate for early diagnosis and treatment of children of color.

Here's an interview with Dr. Marsh, edited for clarity:

Verywell Mind (VWM): Dr. Marsh, thank you for your insights. Could you elaborate on the focus of your work?

Dr. Akeem Marsh (Marsh): I work at an outpatient mental health program that provides care regardless of insurance status. I lead the psychiatry service, which offers family-based therapy, a crucial and often neglected aspect of many programs. This specialized therapy, combined with individual therapy and trauma-focused treatment, addresses the unique challenges faced by our families.

Outside of my clinical role, I have a special interest in trauma, particularly as it relates to disruptive behavior disorders in young people. This led to my co-edited book, "Not Just Bad Kids: The Adversity and Disruptive Behavior Link," which explores the connection between adverse experiences and disruptive behavior.

VWM: The pandemic has significantly impacted children, especially those of color. What unique mental health challenges do children in marginalized communities face during these trying times?

Marsh: The pandemic has been a collective trauma for the entire world, but it has disproportionately affected youth and families of color. We've seen higher morbidity rates, leading to more illness and death within our communities. This, coupled with isolation from peers and disrupted routines, has created uncertainty and limited normalcy.

Making matters worse, adults, who are often role models for coping, are also struggling, compounding the difficulties faced by children.

VWM: How can parents identify early warning signs of depression in their children, distinguishing them from the usual ups and downs of childhood?

Marsh: Depression in children often starts subtly. Parents may notice changes in behavior, such as decreased energy, challenges sleeping, changes in appetite, or reduced interest in once-enjoyed activities. School performance may decline, and behavioral issues like difficulty focusing or increased irritability may arise. Recognizing these signs and seeking professional help early on is crucial for effective intervention.

VWM: Mental health stigma remains a significant barrier in marginalized communities. How can parents provide better support to their children amidst these stigmas?

Marsh: The stigma associated with mental health can be overwhelming, creating a sense of personal failure. Parents may feel that seeking additional support reflects poorly on them, leading to reluctance in pursuing help. In response, parents can encourage their children to participate in school evaluations, which can provide a starting point for accessing comprehensive mental health care.

VWM: Accommodations for students with depression are often overlooked. What accommodations are available, and what challenges exist in securing equal access to these accommodations?

Marsh: Accommodations for students with depression can include extra time on tests, breaks during class, or access to counseling services. However, the availability and accessibility of these accommodations can vary, and schools may be hesitant to provide them. Parents may need to advocate for their child's needs and consider requesting an independent evaluation if dissatisfied with the school's assessment.

VWM: Disparities in therapy exist, with White children more likely to receive mental health counseling than their Black, Hispanic, and Asian counterparts. What factors contribute to these disparities?

Marsh: Disparities in access to therapy are multifaceted. Insurance coverage, provider availability, and cultural barriers all play a role. Additionally, most mental health providers are White, creating a lack of representation and understanding of the unique challenges faced by marginalized communities.

VWM: What measures can be taken to ensure equal access to affordable, high-quality medications for depression?