Impulse Control Disorder and Impulsive Behavior

Impulse control disorders are characterized by sudden, forceful, and irresistible urges to do something that may violate the rights of others or conflict with societal norms. These impulsive behaviors may occur repeatedly, quickly, and without consideration of the consequences.

Examples of impulse control disorders include:

• Pyromania (intentionally starting fires)
• Kleptomania (compulsive urge to steal)
• Intermittent explosive disorder (repeatedly acting on aggressive impulses)
• Trichotillomania (compulsive urge to pull hair)
• Conduct disorder (patterns of behavior that include aggression, destruction, deceitfulness, and rule-breaking)
• Oppositional defiant disorder (irritable mood, argumentativeness, defiance, and vindictiveness)
• Unspecified impulse control disorder (impulses that don't fit neatly into one of the other types)

Signs and Symptoms of Impulse Control Disorder

The signs and symptoms of impulse control disorder can vary depending on the specific type of disorder. However, some common signs and symptoms include:

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Stealing
• Lying
• Starting fires
• Risky or promiscuous behavior
• Aggressive or volatile behaviors

Cognitive Symptoms:

• Obsessive behavior
• Difficulty with organization
• Executive dysfunction
• Poor concentration abilities

Social and Emotional Symptoms:

• Low self-esteem
• Social withdrawal or isolation
• Detachment and/or anxiety
• Drastic shifts in thoughts and moods
• Feelings of guilt or regret

When Behavior Becomes a Disorder

Impulsive actions typically result from tension that has built to the point where the person can no longer resist it. The immediate sense of relief from acting on an impulsive behavior is short-lived, however. Feelings of guilt or shame may follow. Repeated impulsive acts may also lead to negative consequences, such as greater emotional distress or regret, in the long term.

When the emotional toll of impulsive behavior becomes unmanageable or seriously disrupts everyday life, an impulse control disorder is a likely cause.

Risk Factors for Impulse Control Disorder

There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of developing an impulse control disorder, including:

• Internal and external stressors
• Underlying neurological vulnerabilities coupled with environmental stresses
• Being male
• Genetic predisposition
• Chronic drug or alcohol use
• Trauma, abuse, or neglect
• Exposure to violence or aggression
• Dopamine agonist medications (e.g., used for Parkinson's disease)
• Certain chemical imbalances

Treatments for Impulse Control Disorders

Treatment for impulse control disorders typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Psychotherapy can help individuals to understand the underlying causes of their impulsive behavior and develop strategies for managing their impulses. Medication can also be helpful in reducing the severity of symptoms.

The type of treatment that is most effective for a particular individual will depend on the specific type of impulse control disorder, the severity of symptoms, and the individual's overall health and functioning.

A Word From Verywell

If you think you may have an impulse control disorder, it is important to seek professional help. A trained mental health professional can provide a full evaluation and a comprehensive treatment program. Treatment can help you to manage your impulses and improve your quality of life.