Depression: Causes and Risk Factors

If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for information on support and treatment facilities in your area. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.

Depression is a common mental disorder that affects people of all ages. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, life events, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices.

Causes of Depression

• Genetics: Research suggests that depression may be passed down through families, indicating a genetic component.

• Brain Chemistry: An imbalance of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine, may contribute to depression.

• Life Events: Significant life events, such as the loss of a loved one, divorce, or job loss, can trigger depression in some individuals.

• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, including thyroid problems, heart disease, and cancer, can lead to depression.

• Lifestyle Choices: Certain lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and substance abuse, can increase the risk of depression.

Risk Factors for Depression

In addition to the causes of depression, there are several risk factors that can make someone more susceptible to developing the disorder:

• Family History of Depression: Having a family history of depression increases the risk of developing the condition.

• Personal History of Depression: Individuals who have previously experienced depression are more likely to experience future episodes.

• Female Sex: Women are more likely to experience depression than men.

• Personality Traits: Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism and pessimism, can increase the risk of depression.

• Chronic Stress: Ongoing stress can contribute to the development of depression.

• Major Life Events: Significant life events, such as the death of a loved one or divorce, can trigger depression.

• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid problems, heart disease, and cancer, can increase the risk of depression.

• Substance Abuse: Substance abuse can lead to depression and worsen its symptoms.

• Poor Diet: A diet lacking in essential nutrients can contribute to depression.

• Lack of Exercise: Physical inactivity can increase the risk of depression.

It is important to note that not everyone who experiences these risk factors will develop depression. However, being aware of these factors can help individuals take steps to protect their mental health.

If you are concerned about your risk of depression or are experiencing symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor. They can evaluate your situation and provide appropriate treatment recommendations.