Association between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders are two mental health conditions that often coexist. Both conditions involve a preoccupation with one's appearance, which can lead to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

BDD is a mental illness characterized by a preoccupation with one or more perceived flaws in one's appearance. These flaws may be real or imagined, but they are often exaggerated or distorted in the person's mind. People with BDD may spend excessive time grooming, comparing themselves to others, or seeking reassurance from others about their appearance.

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are mental illnesses that are characterized by abnormal eating habits and an intense fear of gaining weight. People with eating disorders may severely restrict their food intake, binge eat, or purge (e.g., vomiting or using laxatives) to control their weight.

Association between BDD and Eating Disorders

• Studies have found that up to 12% of individuals with BDD also have an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
• Both conditions can lead to body checking behaviors, such as repeatedly weighing oneself or measuring body parts, and excessive exercise.
• The preoccupation with appearance in BDD can contribute to the development of an eating disorder, as individuals may restrict their food intake or engage in purging behaviors in an attempt to change their appearance.
• Conversely, the eating disorder symptoms can exacerbate the preoccupation with appearance in BDD, leading to a vicious cycle of disordered eating and body image disturbance.

Treatment

• The treatment for BDD and eating disorders typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and nutritional counseling.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that helps individuals challenge negative thoughts and behaviors related to their appearance and develop more positive body image.
• Medications, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, can help reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behavior that are commonly associated with BDD and eating disorders.
• Nutritional counseling can help individuals with eating disorders develop healthy eating habits and maintain a healthy weight.