Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes extreme shifts in mood, energy, and behavior. These shifts can range from mania or hypomania (highs) to depression (lows). Bipolar disorder can also affect sleep, appetite, and concentration.

Symptoms

• Mania or hypomania:
  • Elevated mood, energy, and activity
  • Euphoria
  • Talkativeness
  • Impulsivity
  • Racing thoughts
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Increased risk-taking behavior
  • Impaired judgment
• Depression:
  • Low mood
  • Loss of interest in activities
  • Fatigue
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Changes in appetite
  • Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
  • Suicidal thoughts or behavior
• Mixed episodes:
  • Symptoms of mania or hypomania and depression occur at the same time
• Other symptoms:
  • Anxiety
  • Irritability
  • Headaches
  • Digestive problems

Diagnosis

• Bipolar disorder is diagnosed based on a person's symptoms and a psychiatric evaluation.
• There is no single test that can diagnose bipolar disorder.
• During a psychiatric evaluation, a doctor will ask about the person's symptoms, medical history, and family history.
• Blood tests or imaging tests may be ordered to rule out other medical conditions.

Treatment

• Bipolar disorder is treated with medication and psychotherapy.
• Medication can help to stabilize mood, prevent episodes, and improve functioning.
• Psychotherapy can help people with bipolar disorder learn how to manage their symptoms, cope with stress, and improve their relationships.

Outlook

• Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but it can be managed with treatment.
• With the right treatment, people with bipolar disorder can live full and productive lives.

If you think you may have bipolar disorder, talk to your doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your outcome.