What is Insomnia?

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that affects your ability to fall asleep, remain asleep, or get back to sleep once asleep. It can result in daytime fatigue, difficulty focusing, and irritability. Insomnia can be short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic).

Signs and Symptoms

Insomnia can manifest in various ways, including:

• Difficulty initiating sleep
• Frequent awakenings during the night
• Premature awakening without the ability to return to sleep
• Feeling exhausted and unrested throughout the day
• Impaired concentration and attention
• Irritability or moodiness
• Muscle tension or headaches
• Gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea or diarrhea

Underlying Causes

Common factors contributing to insomnia include:

• Stress
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Medical conditions (e.g., thyroid issues, diabetes, heart disease)
• Medications (e.g., caffeine, alcohol, decongestants)
• Sleep apnea (repetitive cessation and resumption of breathing during sleep)
• Restless legs syndrome (irresistible urge to move your legs)
• Poor sleep habits (e.g., inconsistent bedtime, electronic device use in bed)

Treatment Options

Treatment approaches depend on the underlying cause. Lifestyle modifications may be sufficient to improve sleep, such as:

• Regular exercise
• Balanced diet
• Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
• Consistent sleep schedule
• Relaxing bedtime routine
• Creating a conducive sleep environment (dark, quiet, and cool)

Medications may also be prescribed for insomnia, but they should be considered a last resort.

When to Consult a Doctor

Seek medical attention if insomnia persists for more than two weeks. It may indicate an underlying medical condition.

Impact on Health

Prolonged insomnia can lead to:

• Fatigue
• Difficulty concentrating
• Memory problems
• Mood disturbances
• Weight gain
• Increased risk of accidents
• Elevated risk of chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, stroke, diabetes)

Consult with your doctor about strategies to improve your sleep.