What is a Parasocial Relationship?

A parasocial relationship is a one-sided connection between an individual and a media personality, fictional character, or other figure encountered through media, such as movies, TV shows, podcasts, radio talk shows, or social media platforms.

History

The term was coined in 1956 by Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl, who described it as "a relationship that is perceived by the individual to be a real, face-to-face relationship with a media personality."

Types of Parasocial Relationships

There are three main types of parasocial relationships:

1. Parasocial Interactions: These are brief, one-time interactions that occur between a media user and a media persona. For example, if you feel like you're part of a fictional group of friends while watching a TV show, you're experiencing a parasocial interaction.

2. Parasocial Relationships: These are more long-term and involve a psychological connection between a media user and a media persona. You might think about a media figure outside of the context of the media in which you encountered them, maybe even discussing their behavior as if they are someone you know.

3. Parasocial Attachments: These are the strongest type of parasocial relationship, and they involve a deep emotional bond between a media user and a media persona. You might feel like you can confide in the media figure, or that they understand you better than anyone else.

Drawbacks of Parasocial Relationships

Parasocial relationships can have both positive and negative effects on individuals. Some potential drawbacks include:

• Influencing an individual's political views, voting decisions, and consumer behavior
• Promoting unrealistic expectations about relationships and social interactions
• Making individuals more susceptible to exploitation and abuse
• Causing feelings of isolation and loneliness

Benefits of Parasocial Relationships

Parasocial relationships can also have some positive effects on individuals, such as:

• Providing a sense of belonging and community
• Reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation
• Offering a source of comfort and support
• Increasing self-confidence and self-esteem

How Do Parasocial Relationships Form?

Parasocial relationships typically develop when individuals are exposed to media content that features compelling and relatable characters or personalities. These characters or personalities become familiar and trusted, and individuals may begin to feel like they know them personally. This can lead to a parasocial relationship, in which individuals feel like they are interacting with the media figure on a personal level.

Why Do We Form Parasocial Relationships?

There are a number of reasons why people form parasocial relationships. Some of these reasons include:

• Social Connection: Parasocial relationships can provide a sense of social connection for individuals who may feel isolated or lonely.
• Entertainment: Parasocial relationships can be entertaining and enjoyable, and they can provide a way to escape from the stresses of everyday life.
• Validation: Parasocial relationships can provide individuals with a sense of validation and self-worth.
• Identity: Parasocial relationships can help individuals to define their own identity and values.

Does Social Media Change Parasocial Relationships?

Social media has changed the way that parasocial relationships are formed and maintained. In the past, parasocial relationships were typically formed through exposure to traditional media, such as television and movies. However, social media now allows individuals to connect with media figures on a more personal level. This can lead to stronger and more intense parasocial relationships.

Conclusion

Parasocial relationships are a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can have both positive and negative effects on individuals. It is important to be aware of the potential risks and benefits of parasocial relationships, and to take steps to protect yourself from the negative effects.

If you are concerned about your relationship with a media figure, or if you feel like it is negatively impacting your life, it is important to talk to a mental health professional.