The Reflected Appraisal Process and Self-Concept

Introduction

The reflected appraisal process is a fundamental mechanism that significantly influences the formation and development of an individual's self-concept. It involves imagining how others perceive and evaluate us, and subsequently using this perceived evaluation to shape our self-image. In essence, the way we believe others see us often serves as a mirror that reflects how we see ourselves.

Understanding Reflected Appraisal

Throughout our daily lives, we constantly engage in forming judgments and opinions about various aspects of our surroundings, including people, objects, and events. Similarly, we recognize that others also form judgments about us. Consider a scenario where you are attending a social gathering. Before the event, you might spend time selecting an outfit, grooming yourself, and contemplating how you want to present yourself to others. Upon arriving at the gathering, you become cognizant that others are observing you and forming assessments about your appearance, demeanor, and preferences.

The Looking-Glass Self

Sociologist Charles H. Cooley introduced the concept of the "looking-glass self" to describe how the reflected appraisal process operates. According to Cooley, our sense of self emerges from our understanding of how others perceive us. Social interactions, therefore, play a pivotal role in developing a sense of self through this process. Later, psychologist Harry Stack Sullivan introduced the term "reflected appraisal" in his 1953 book, "The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry."

Factors Influencing Reflected Appraisal

The impact of reflected appraisal on an individual's self-evaluation can be influenced by several key factors:

• Credibility of the Appraiser: The perceived credibility and trustworthiness of the person or group providing the appraisal can significantly influence its impact on our self-assessment. For instance, if an esteemed mentor provides positive feedback on your artistic work, it might carry more weight than similar feedback from a stranger.
• Consistency of Appraisals: Receiving similar appraisals from multiple sources can also intensify their impact. If numerous respected individuals consistently provide positive evaluations, it can reinforce and solidify a positive self-evaluation.
• Family Relationships: The family context can play a substantial role in shaping how reflected appraisals affect self-concept. Children raised with parents who consistently offer positive and supportive appraisals tend to develop a stronger sense of self and higher self-esteem. However, it's important to note that the credibility of the appraiser still matters; a parent's evaluation typically holds more weight than a younger sibling's.

Conclusion

The reflected appraisal process is an integral component that contributes to the development and maintenance of an individual's self-concept. The way we perceive others' evaluations of us exerts a powerful influence on our self-image, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Understanding the intricacies of this process can empower us to navigate social interactions more effectively and cultivate a healthy sense of self.