Social isolation is being cut off from contact with others, both physically and emotionally. This can be intentional or accidental, and prolonged isolation can harm mental and physical health.

The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mental Health

Research has shown a strong link between social connection and mental well-being. Staying connected with other people reduces the risk of depression, while social isolation can increase work-related stress, drug and alcohol misuse, and feelings of loneliness.

Social isolation and mental health have a bidirectional relationship. Social isolation can lead to mental health conditions, and poor social support can make it harder to manage stress, which also affects health and well-being.

Recognizing the Signs of Social Isolation

Signs of social isolation may include:

• Pulling out of social activities or events
• Spending a significant amount of time alone with little or no contact with others
• Having no one to turn to for help, advice, or a friendly conversation
• Lack of close, intimate relationships with others
• Feeling lethargic, sad, or lonely
• Hypersensitive to environmental stimuli

Social Isolation vs. Loneliness

Social isolation refers to being separated from others and lacking social contact, whereas loneliness is a more subjective experience, feeling cut off even with regular physical and social contact. A person can be surrounded by people and still feel lonely.

Social isolation is distinct from solitude, which is voluntary and enjoyable alone time. Both social isolation and loneliness can negatively impact health.

Prolonged social isolation and loneliness can significantly impact mental health, including:

• Increased alcohol and drug use
• Poor physical health
• Increased risk of depression and anxiety
• Decline in brain function
• Antisocial behavior
• Heart disease
• Increased stress levels

Social isolation can also affect physical health, further influencing mental and physical health.

Causes of Social Isolation

Social isolation can have direct and apparent causes, such as geographic location or a physical disability, or it can happen gradually and indicate other life problems. Contributing factors include:

• Depression
• Illness
• Social anxiety
• Lack of transportation
• Trauma

Coping with the Impact of Social Isolation

To combat social isolation:

• Talk to a professional if depression or other mental health conditions are contributing to it.
• Take small steps toward reconnecting with others, such as calling friends or family members.
• Look for community events or activities that interest you.
• Enlist help from close friends and family to suggest opportunities to talk or meet up.
• Consider getting a pet, as animal companionship can have mental health benefits.
• Join a support group, either online or in person, to connect with others going through similar experiences.
• Create a healthy lifestyle that ensures adequate rest, physical activity, a balanced diet, and enjoyable activities.

Recovery

Overcoming social isolation takes time and effort. Building friendships and meaningful relationships can be challenging, so reach out for support if needed. Be kind to yourself and remember you have compassionate, supportive people in your life.