Neurofeedback Therapy for ADHD: Unveiling Its Mechanism

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often impairing daily functioning. Neurofeedback therapy, a type of biofeedback therapy, aims to empower individuals with self-control over maladaptive brain patterns by providing real-time information about their brain activity.

Understanding Neurofeedback Therapy

Neurofeedback therapy operates on the principle of operant conditioning, wherein desirable brain activity is positively reinforced, while undesirable brain activity is discouraged. Through this process, individuals gradually learn to self-regulate their brain activity without relying on external feedback.

Mechanism of Neurofeedback Therapy for ADHD

1. Brainwave Measurement: Neurofeedback sessions involve measuring brainwave activity using an electroencephalograph (EEG). Electrodes attached to the scalp or a neurofeedback cap capture electrical signals from the brain.

2. Feedback Transmission: The EEG signals undergo amplification and processing by a computer. Subsequently, this processed information is relayed to a display in a meaningful format, often involving visual or auditory feedback.

3. Interactive Feedback: Individuals interact with the feedback in real time. For instance, they might engage in a video game or watch a movie, with their brain activity influencing the game's outcome or the movie's progression.

4. Operant Conditioning: Positive feedback is provided when brain activity falls within the desired range, while negative feedback is given when it deviates from this range. This feedback mechanism helps individuals learn to control their brain activity through operant conditioning.

Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy for ADHD

Research studies have consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy in alleviating ADHD symptoms. A meta-analysis encompassing 26 studies revealed that neurofeedback therapy led to significant improvements in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity among children and adolescents with ADHD.

Conclusion

Neurofeedback therapy stands as a promising treatment option for individuals with ADHD. By providing real-time feedback on brain activity, neurofeedback therapy equips individuals with the ability to self-regulate their brain functioning, resulting in improved ADHD symptoms.