Understanding the Interrelation Between Borderline Personality Disorder and Violence

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental illness that can affect both men and women, characterized by intense emotions, fluctuating relationships, and extreme anger known as borderline rage. Recognizing the link between BPD and violence is crucial for family members and loved ones.

BPD and the Risk of Violence

While individuals with BPD may exhibit violent behavior, it's important to understand that a diagnosis of BPD alone does not necessarily imply a higher risk. Impulsive behavior, including physical aggression, is a diagnostic criterion for BPD, but not all individuals with BPD display it. A comprehensive study conducted in the U.K. in 2016 revealed that BPD by itself did not indicate a propensity for violence. However, it highlighted the increased likelihood of "comorbidities," or associated conditions like anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse, which amplify the risk of violent behavior.

Factors Contributing to Violence

Several factors contribute to the increased risk of violent behavior in individuals with BPD. Many have experienced violence themselves, such as child abuse, which may have influenced their perception of aggression as a coping mechanism for intense emotions. An unstable sense of self, difficulty trusting others, and rejection sensitivity can also lead to intense emotional reactions, sometimes manifesting as aggressive behavior. Impulsive behaviors are common among individuals with BPD, and when experiencing strong emotions associated with the disorder, impulsive acts without considering the consequences may occur.

Assessing Risk

It is crucial to emphasize that this information offers general insight into the relationship between BPD and violence, and it is not possible to predict whether a particular individual with BPD will engage in violent behavior. If your loved one has not displayed any violent tendencies, it is likely they will not become violent. Many individuals with BPD live their lives without aggression. However, if you feel threatened, even if no violence has occurred, take that seriously. If you already feel unsafe, the situation may escalate to violence.

Ensuring Safety

In the event of feeling unsafe, your immediate priority should be securing your own safety. Seek shelter away from your loved one, whether that means getting a hotel or staying with friends. Once you are in a safe environment, try to help your loved one get professional help through therapy with a therapist specializing in BPD. Therapy can help both of you understand the situation, explore whether the relationship can be improved, and prevent future violence. The therapist can also provide guidance on whether the relationship is worth saving and recommend a treatment plan for your loved one's recovery.

Safety Plans and Resources

A diagnosis of BPD may increase the risk of violence towards others and oneself. Self-harm is a common issue among individuals with BPD. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988 for support from a trained counselor. In immediate danger, call 911. For additional mental health resources, refer to the National Helpline Database. Therapists often recommend safety plans for individuals with BPD, helping them prepare for potential violent or suicidal thoughts and identifying triggers in daily life.