Relationship Between Lithium and Weight Gain

Lithium is a commonly prescribed medication for managing bipolar disorder and stabilizing moods. However, weight gain is a potential side effect for some individuals taking lithium.

Lithium-Induced Weight Gain

• Studies suggest that about one-fourth of individuals receiving lithium experience weight gain.
• The average weight gain is typically between 10 and 26 pounds among those affected.
• Recent research indicates that lithium may result in less weight gain compared to certain alternative bipolar medications.

Factors Influencing Lithium-Related Weight Gain

• Timing: The risk of weight gain is generally highest during the initial two years of treatment.
• Dose-Dependence: Higher dosages of lithium may increase the likelihood of weight gain.
• Other Medications: Concomitant use of other medications that can cause weight gain can elevate the risk.

Possible Causes of Lithium-Induced Weight Gain

• Weight Restoration: Lithium may aid in regaining weight unintentionally lost during manic episodes.
• Increased Thirst: Lithium can trigger increased thirst, leading to consumption of high-calorie beverages.
• Reduced Thyroid Function: Lithium can sometimes cause hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain due to a decreased metabolic rate.
• Hormonal and Neurochemical Changes: Other hormones and brain chemicals involved in hunger, blood sugar regulation, and energy storage may play a role.

When to Consult a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience potential signs of hypothyroidism, including:

• Lump near the Adam's apple
• Dry hair and/or skin
• Persistent coldness
• Forgetfulness
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Unexplained constipation
• Unusual sensations in hands or feet

Preventing Lithium-Induced Weight Gain

• Maintain a Healthy Diet: Limit sugary drinks and prioritize low-calorie beverages.
• Engage in Regular Physical Activity: Incorporate various forms of exercise into your routine.
• Monitor Weight Regularly: Address weight gain promptly with your doctor or dietitian.

Conclusion

Lithium-induced weight gain affects approximately one-fourth of individuals taking the medication. Although the exact causes are not fully understood, factors like timing, dosage, and concurrent medications influence the risk. Strategies to mitigate weight gain include maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and monitoring weight regularly. If you experience concerning symptoms, consult your doctor promptly.