Is ADD and ADHD the Same? How Has the Terminology Evolved?

Historical Name Changes

Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the same condition. ADHD is the official name, but "ADD" is still used by some people.

1980s

• DSM-III: ADD becomes the official name
• Subtypes:
  • ADD with hyperactivity
  • ADD without hyperactivity

1987

• DSM-III-R: ADHD becomes the official name, indicating hyperactivity as a key feature

1994

• DSM-IV: Slight grammar change - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Subtypes:
  • ADHD type
  • Predominantly inattentive type
  • Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type

2013

• DSM-5: Maintains the three subtypes, now called presentations:
  • ADHD presentation
  • Predominantly inattentive presentation
  • Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
• Considers characteristics in both children and adults

Using "ADD" Today

• "ADD" is still commonly used, often referring to inattentiveness while "ADHD" describes hyperactivity.
• Making the mental switch to "ADHD" aligns with current terminology and avoids confusion.

ADD vs. ADHD in Children

Primarily Inattentive ADHD

• Inattentiveness, lack of focus, disorganization
• Short attention span, forgetfulness, struggles with organization

Primarily Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD

• Hyperactivity, impulsivity
• Restlessness, excessive talking, difficulty focusing, acting impulsively

Combined ADHD

• Characteristics of both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention

ADD vs. ADHD in Adults

• Different presentation in adults
• Primary hyperactivity may change to less obvious traits
• Primarily inattentive type or combined type common
• ADHD diagnosis in adults requires 5 signs of hyperactivity and inattention

ADHD as Neurodivergence

• ADHD is not an abnormality but a form of neurodivergence
• Different ways of behaving, learning, and processing information
• Societal expectations may create functional challenges
• Understanding traits and strengths, exploring lifestyle adjustments and ADHD strategies can be helpful